Structured Taxonomy of Potntial Errors and Limitations in Gemini Models

GEMINI AI — POTENTIAL ERRORS AND LIMITATIONS

1. Hallucination / generating false information

2. Giving incorrect answers with excessive confidence

3. Fabricating citations or non-existent sources

4. Misrepresenting the content of real sources

5. Using outdated information

6. Misunderstanding the context of a question

7. Forgetting or ignoring information from earlier in a long conversation

8. Making errors in complex multi-step reasoning

9. Failing to identify logical fallacies

10. Accepting a false premise and building an apparently valid conclusion upon it

11. Mathematical and calculation errors

12. Misinterpreting scientific information

13. Confusing correlation with causation

14. Incorrectly interpreting ambiguous questions

15. Partially or incorrectly following specific user instructions

16. Failing to follow the requested output format or constraints

17. Giving inconsistent answers to the same question at different times

18. Showing excessive confidence about its own capabilities

19. Failing to communicate uncertainty appropriately

20. Making assumptions when sufficient information is unavailable

21. Selecting weak or unreliable sources during research

22. Over-relying on secondary sources instead of primary sources

23. Omitting contradictory evidence

24. Potentially exhibiting confirmation-bias-like behavior

25. Potential framing bias in political topics

26. Potential framing bias in religious topics

27. Potential cultural or linguistic bias

28. Inconsistent safety or refusal behavior for similar requests

29. Unnecessary refusal of harmless questions

30. Providing insufficient caution when responding to sensitive topics

31. Misidentifying visual details during image analysis

32. OCR / text-recognition errors in images

33. Misinterpreting charts and graphs

34. Making assumptions beyond what is actually visible in an image

35. Transcription or interpretation errors in audio/video analysis

36. Overlooking important information in PDFs or documents

37. Syntax or runtime errors in generated code

38. Logically incorrect code

39. Using outdated libraries or APIs

40. Potentially generating code containing security vulnerabilities

41. Failing to account for edge cases

42. Claiming code is correct without actually verifying it

43. Changing meaning or context during translation

44. Grammar, idiom, or contextual errors in Bengali

45. Misunderstanding context-dependent meanings of words

46. Errors when retrieving information from long documents

47. Failing to properly reconcile conflicting information from multiple sources

48. Strong benchmark performance not necessarily translating into equally strong real-world performance

49. Capabilities and limitations changing across different model versions

50. Treating search results or retrieved information as factual without sufficient verification

51. Losing track of the user’s actual objective

52. Producing unnecessarily verbose answers

53. Omitting important information and producing incomplete answers

54. Self-contradiction within the same response

55. False precision — giving overly specific answers when the evidence is uncertain

56. Being misled by subtle prompt wording

57. Potentially producing incorrect conclusions under adversarial or misleading prompts

58. Errors concerning recent events due to knowledge limitations or insufficiently updated information

59. Presenting independently unverified information as factual

60. Like any AI system, it cannot guarantee 100% accuracy, neutrality, or logical correctness